tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4577575892779232032024-03-05T04:04:45.485-08:00Physics Capstone 420 (2012)Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-457757589277923203.post-68462173247971451972012-04-08T12:37:00.001-07:002012-04-08T12:37:58.132-07:00Cameras Working and Verified at Low Temperature<br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Lead Author: Mauricio Ayllon Unzueta<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cameras Used<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The cameras used and installed in the
payload are the</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> GoPro HD Hero 960 and the <span style="color: black;">Canon Power
shot A2200. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWN3F_SiDIf5hOGAFYesZXqDK9mjAKOEEQAVxJ6V3w09ys9I_DtwRtoTOc0kGNuwDceW2BtH5AzbHpyPS4gNmW-CNkkaAF_Uz1RYgzmDvpVTaOOj3KJL6SL_P90RgBlbW2P99Ja1uiilE/s1600/Camera1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWN3F_SiDIf5hOGAFYesZXqDK9mjAKOEEQAVxJ6V3w09ys9I_DtwRtoTOc0kGNuwDceW2BtH5AzbHpyPS4gNmW-CNkkaAF_Uz1RYgzmDvpVTaOOj3KJL6SL_P90RgBlbW2P99Ja1uiilE/s200/Camera1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwXr77ij35viov3sM3ydSyB6I8EzwHF-n5bmb7ILkpQ6GEBHNf5jcsfIEQPBqG3_rhjQgASwDi2Mzu2XavW2L9MnoSsmqfnqBOOQ1Gdr8JFHErE6ptUbMCmwdGY6SDIANFVumxPCvlVT0/s1600/Camera2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwXr77ij35viov3sM3ydSyB6I8EzwHF-n5bmb7ILkpQ6GEBHNf5jcsfIEQPBqG3_rhjQgASwDi2Mzu2XavW2L9MnoSsmqfnqBOOQ1Gdr8JFHErE6ptUbMCmwdGY6SDIANFVumxPCvlVT0/s200/Camera2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Performance
in Cold Temperatures<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GoPro HD
Hero 960 is specifically designed to withstand extreme conditions. According to
the specifications found in the manual and website, there is a heating system
built into it in order to keep the battery warm. Furthermore, the camara is
enclosed in a perfectly sealed case that will provide insulation as well as
strength. This is necessary since the payload will be exposed to temperatures
as low as -60 ̊C. </span>The Hero 960 takes full high definition video at
resolutions up to 1280x960 pixels at 30 frames per second. The battery lasts up
to 2.5hrs, which is enough for the duration of the intended flight. We will use
this camera to take video throughout the whole flight.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Canon Power shot A2200, on the other hand, cannot
withstand harsh conditions as well as the GoPro. Moreover, it is originally set
to turn off after some predetermined time, and its battery does not last the
two hours needed when running continuously. Therefore, these original setting
were changed using a firmware. The firmware used is the CHDK (Cannon Hack
Development Kit), which is free software uploaded to the camera’s memory card
in order to enhance certain capabilities. More specifically, the UBASIC script
was uploaded with the purpose of doing time- lapsed photography and to disable
the automatic turn-off. This makes it possible to choose the interval of how
many seconds in between pictures being taken. After this first issue was
resolved, in order to save battery life, the back LCD screen was disabled. </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The firmware for our
specific camera is still in beta so that function does not work. To get around
this, a 3.5mm headphone jack was plugged into the AV ports. In this way, the
screen turns off but the camera remains running. This works because the camera “thinks”
it is outputting its display to another source. That is how we resolved both
issues.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We did
not expose the Cannon camera to very low temperatures because the LCD screen
might have cracked and any additional last minute changes would not have been
possible. This is not a problem since even if the screen gets cracked during flight;
all we need is the SD card where the pictures will be stored. For final
adjustments, the Cannon will be in the insulated “hot” side of our payload were
a small hole was opened for the lens, and the GoPro will be outside of the
payload attached to it with screws. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Recommendations <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
final step is to make sure the lenses do not get obstructed or fogged. In order
to avoid this, we can spray the lenses with RainX and cool them down before
launch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-457757589277923203.post-79207473476108929002012-04-07T00:08:00.003-07:002012-04-10T12:29:16.418-07:00Flight conditions testing of complete system<strong><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></u></strong><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><em>Lead author: Hanayo Shelton</em></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong><u>Goals:</u></strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
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<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The goal of
the flight conditions testing of complete system is<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to ensure that our system for this high altitude balloon project can work fine under actual flight conditions since air temearture decreases with altittude, dropping down to below -20<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">̊C</span></span> at near 30km above the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong><u>Testing:</u></strong></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">We placed the circuit board consisting of an Arduino and all the sensors into a cooler box in which dry
ice to cool the inside of the box had been put in advance. The measurements were performed for 24hours and the data were taken every 100 ms. During the measurents, the readngs of all the sensors were sento to a SD-card
and stored in it. The entire data was too
long to put here, so we show the readings of each sensor for the first 1 second. When we strated the testing, temperature was 22 <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">̊C, and humidty was 42 %. </span></span>Dcreasing over time, temperature dropped down to -8 <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">̊C <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> in about 100 minutes</span>,</span></span> and humidity also dropped down to 30 % while both pressure and
acceleration<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were stable over the measurment.</span></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Temp (̊C )</span></span></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> RH (%)</span></span></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Pressure(Pa)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accel X<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accel Y<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accel Z<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 96pt;" valign="bottom" width="128"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Time Since Start (ms)</span></span></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: auto auto auto 4.65pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 512px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 21.78<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 41.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 99312<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> -0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> -0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> -1.76<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">475<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.84<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99313<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.79<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">575<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.64<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99313<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.78<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.32<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-2.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">675<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99316<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.73<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.72<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">775<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.84<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99321<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">875<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.54<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99321<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.76<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">975<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.84<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99318<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 1075<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.84<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99324<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.72<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1175<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.64<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99322<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.73<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.23<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.73<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1275<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20.8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.84<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99318<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1375<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">21.29<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">41.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">99321<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.45<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1475<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: auto auto auto 4.65pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 512px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;" unselectable="on"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" unselectable="on" valign="bottom" width="64"><strong><u>Recommenation:</u></strong><br />
Since the calibrations for temperature sensor and accelormeter have not been done<br />
yet, in order to get appropriate data, we need to complete it before lunch.</td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" unselectable="on" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;" unselectable="on">
</div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-457757589277923203.post-38138818131501449392012-04-06T23:49:00.003-07:002012-04-07T02:26:46.685-07:00Complete Payload Integration<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><em>Lead Author: Hanayo Shelton<o:p></o:p></em></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><u><strong>Goals for payload integration:</strong></u> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The goal of the complete payload integration is ensure
that all instruments will be put together as one complete payload which will travel
up to near 30km above the ground and recovered successfully in two hours after
the launch of the balloon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><u><strong>Payload integration:</strong></u> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
All sensors such as a humidity sensor, an accelerometer, and
a thermometer as well as a data logger were integrated into one circuit on a
perf-board, and put inside a sturdy Styrofoam box (16 in <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">×</span>18in).
A camera which will be used to take pictures over the flight was
mounted on one side of the box with the lens exposed to the outside. A video camera was mounted on the outside of the box to record
video images during the flight. GPS-transmitter was placed inside the box with
an antenna penetrated through the box wall to send the information of
the location of the balloon.<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Parachute was attached
to the outside of the box by 4 strings connected to the corners of the box to
secure a safe landing of the payloads. Our payloads weighed about 2.5kg.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwuClT5qlwlV0V9_uc50ZDvPEJiZslEE5L1KJQKNKH8jRQSvwQeDEhJ7dRLLobrGCLPpJl4l_Xg7Ftbff5WVbJnD2rOGPxMqEaYXw264pniowOleQLpZDsPSigddJDQT9SDVOmra9r1ls/s1600/styrofoam+box2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwuClT5qlwlV0V9_uc50ZDvPEJiZslEE5L1KJQKNKH8jRQSvwQeDEhJ7dRLLobrGCLPpJl4l_Xg7Ftbff5WVbJnD2rOGPxMqEaYXw264pniowOleQLpZDsPSigddJDQT9SDVOmra9r1ls/s320/styrofoam+box2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<strong><u>Recomendations on integaration:</u></strong><br />
<br />
The total weight of our payloads was a little over 2kg which was a desirable weight for our project. We would be able to decrease the weight by making the size of the box smaller.Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-457757589277923203.post-87101566480767929172012-04-05T10:10:00.001-07:002012-04-05T10:13:26.127-07:00Triple Axis Accelerometer-ADXL335<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Lead Author: Mauricio Ayllon Unzueta<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Triple Axis
Accelerometer Breakout - ADXL335<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Accelerometers
measure acceleration caused by motion, mainly. However, when they are at rest
with respect to earth’s surface, the acceleration sensed by the accelerator is
due to gravity pulling down on it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A particular
aspect of accelerometers of this sort is that they sense rotations.
Nevertheless, they can only sense differences in 180</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ̊of movement as the other </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">180</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
̊ is just a mirror image of the first. In order to detect a 360 ̊ rotation, the
two axes sensors work differently. For instance, when the sensor is being
rotated around the X Axis, the sensed values do not change, so it is possible
to combine the y and z values to find x using a trigonometric function called
Atan2 (ADXL335), which returns values as -180 ̊ to 180 ̊ in radians. [1].<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Yaw is the name for rotation around an
axis that is similar to spinning a top, or shaking motion sideways.
Accelerometers cannot measure this type of motion. However, it is possible to
incorporate a gyro or digital compass in order to accomplish this task. This
will be done for the present project. [1]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The accelerometer reports proper data
when it stands still. When it is in free fall or any other kind of motion, the
accelerometer’s reading is no longer purely gravity based. For the purpose of
this project, a clean reading during movement is required, and hence, a gyro
and an accelerometer working in combination are needed. Together they form what
is called an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit). The gyro is able to kick in where
an accelerometer leaves off, and vise versa. In summary, a gyro serves for
measuring rotation, and an accelerometer for determining orientation. [1]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The particular type of accelerometer
used in this project is the ADXL335, and connecting it to the Arduino is fairly
simple. It powers off of the 3.3v, and the x, y, z connectors connect to the 0,
1, 2 analog input pins. This accelerometer outputs an analog voltage depending
on the sensed value. [1]</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Purpose<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The purpose of installing this
accelerometer in our payload is to sense sharp changes in wind speed and
direction. In particular, we expect to know when the balloon crosses the
troposphere into the stratosphere since the jet stream is located within that
boundary, and we expect the balloon to experience abrupt movements.</span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The ADXL335<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The ADXL335 is a thin, small, low
power, complete 3-axis accelerometer with signal conditioned voltage outputs.
It measures acceleration with a minimum full-scale range </span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 16.5pt; width: 9pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Mauricio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3g. This device measures the static
acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing applications and dynamic acceleration
resulting from motion, shock, or vibration.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
[2]</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy0CjeFThQkv0gz2uRZlDxiOQnFxQqP0CHO-KZy3y7mmGm7Ql6wCMfQWctdn8VPRHa2PMgNs4fb78-TYnhItp68UvPGKGNI96fq440mcS0Bt8JRdirbN1KkfEzg0i5kNH0x12vKQHTbO8/s1600/adxl335.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy0CjeFThQkv0gz2uRZlDxiOQnFxQqP0CHO-KZy3y7mmGm7Ql6wCMfQWctdn8VPRHa2PMgNs4fb78-TYnhItp68UvPGKGNI96fq440mcS0Bt8JRdirbN1KkfEzg0i5kNH0x12vKQHTbO8/s320/adxl335.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The user selects the
bandwidth of the accelerometer using the CX, CY, and CZ capacitors at the XOUT,
YOUT, and ZOUT pins. There are few bandwidths that can be selected to suit the
task needed. They range from 0.5 Hz to 1600 Hz for the X and Y axes and from
0.5 Hz to 550 Hz for the Z axis.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
[2]<span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The ADXL335 contains a
polysilicon surface-micromachined structure built on top of a silicon wafer. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Polysilicon springs suspend the
structure over the surface of the wafer and provide a resistance against
acceleration forces. A differential capacitor, consisting of independent fixed
plates and plates attached to the moving mass, measures the deflection of the
structure. Acceleration unbalances the capacitor, which in turn, results in a
sensor output with amplitude proportional to the acceleration experienced.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> [2]</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mechanical Sensor</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The ADXL335 uses a single structure for sensing the three axes.
Therefore, the axes’ sense direction is orthogonal and has little cross-axis
sensitivity. Mechanical misalignment is the principal source of cross-axis
sensitivity. However, this misalignment can be calibrated out at the system
level.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> [2]</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Performance<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Innovative design techniques make sure that high performance is achieved
by the ADXL335. For this reason, there is no quantization error or nonmonotonic
behavior, and temperature hysteresis is very low (usually less than 3mg over
the -25 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">̊</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">C to +70 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">̊</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">C temperature range)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> [2]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Testing Procedure <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The team
tested the accelerometer in cool dry ice at -20</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
̊C for over 24 hours. The accelerometer gave constant readings throughout the
test. It was tested after complete integration including data logging. The code
implemented for the Arduino to correctly read these values was:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ADXL3xx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br /><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reads an Analog Devices ADXL3xx accelerometer
and communicates the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>acceleration to the computer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The pins used are designed to be easily<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>compatible with the breakout boards from
Sparkfun, available from:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/categories.php?c=80<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ADXL3xx<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The circuit:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>analog 0: accelerometer self test<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">analog 1: z-axis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>analog 2: y-axis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">analog
3: x-axis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>analog 4: ground<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>analog 5: vcc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>created 2 Jul 2008<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by David A. Mellis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>modified 16 Mar 2012</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by Capstone420</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This example code is in the public domain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">*/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">//
these constants describe the pins. They won't change:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">//
const int groundpin = 18;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>//
analog input pin 4 -- ground<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">//
const int powerpin = 19;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>//
analog input pin 5 -- voltage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">const
int xpin = A2;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// x-axis
of the accelerometer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">const
int ypin = A3;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// y-axis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">const
int zpin = A4;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// z-axis
(only on 3-axis models)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">void
setup()<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// initialize the serial communications:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.begin(9600);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// Provide ground and power by using the
analog inputs as normal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// digital pins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This makes it possible to directly connect
the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// breakout board to the Arduino.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// pinMode(groundpin, OUTPUT);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>//<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// pinMode(powerpin, OUTPUT);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// digitalWrite(groundpin, LOW); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// digitalWrite(powerpin, HIGH);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">void
loop()<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// print the sensor values:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>float xRead = analogRead(xpin);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>float yRead = analogRead(ypin);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>float zRead = analogRead(zpin);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>float xg = -(xRead - 352)/73.;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>float yg = -(yRead - 361)/75.;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>float zg = -(zRead - 361)/71.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print(xg);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// print a tab between values:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print("\t");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print(yg);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// print a tab between values:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print("\t");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print(zg);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.println();<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br /><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print(xRead);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// print a tab between values:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print("\t");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print(yRead);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// print a tab between values:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print("\t");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.print(zRead<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serial.println();<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New; font-size: x-small;"></span><br /> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>// delay before next reading:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>delay(1000);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Results<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The results
obtained were as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: auto auto auto 4.65pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 205px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(247, 150, 70); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="color: white; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Accel X<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(247, 150, 70); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="color: white; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accel Y<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(247, 150, 70); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b><span style="color: white; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accel Z<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.76<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.79<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.78<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.32<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-2.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.73<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.72<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.76<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.72<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.73<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.23<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.73<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.45<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.73<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.29<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.76<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.31<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.76<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.73<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.76<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.73<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.41<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.13<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.77<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.75<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 0px 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.72<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1pt 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52pt;" valign="bottom" width="69"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.74<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none; border-width: 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.24<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217); border-color: rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(247, 150, 70) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F79646 .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51pt;" valign="bottom" width="68"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1.72<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The values
were a little bit off since calibration is still needed. The team will calibrate
it right before launch to ensure precision.</span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In summary,
the ADXL335 accelerometer is a small, low profile package, 3-axis sensing
device that requires low power (350</span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 16.5pt; width: 14.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Mauricio\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">, typically) and a single supply operation: 1.8V to 3,6V. It
also possesses 10,000 g shock survival, excellent temperature stability, BW
adjustment with a single capacitor per axis, and RoHS/WEEE lead-free compliant.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> [2]</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">We expect to know when the balloon
will pass the jet stream once the payload is recovered.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Recommendations on Test Results</span></span></b><br />
</div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">As mentioned before, Calibration is still
needed to ensure proper data gathering. However, this will be done right before
launch.</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">References<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br /><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1] (http://bildr.org/2011/04/sensing-orientation-with-the-adxl335-arduino/,
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Sensing Orientation With The ADXL335 +
Arduino” Friday, April 22 <sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">nd</span></sup> , 2011 )<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">[2] (http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/SMD/adxl335.pdf,
AnalogDevices, 2009)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-457757589277923203.post-48020283466232805092012-04-04T20:46:00.003-07:002012-04-04T20:53:15.769-07:00Data Logging<b>Lead Author: Steven Schultz</b><br />
<b><br /></b><br />
<b><u>Goals</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b><br />
The data collected during the flight of our balloon must be storied on a memory device on-board. This is because we will not be able to communicate with our payload while it is in flight. So to get the data, we must retrieve the balloon and memory device. We chose to log all of our data to a SD card. A SD card was chosen because they are cheap, fast to write to, and Arduino includes libraries with functions for writing to them. Data should be able to write to the SD card at a rate of 10 times per second. <br />
<br />
<b><u>Connections</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b><br />
We need to connect the SD card to our Arduino so we can write data to it. Below is a picture of the breakout board chosen to accomplish this task. The board is from sparkfun.com.<br />
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<a href="http://dlnmh9ip6v2uc.cloudfront.net/images/products/00204-03-L.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://dlnmh9ip6v2uc.cloudfront.net/images/products/00204-03-L.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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This board has a push-push socket for the SD card and 11 pin connections. The only pins we need to use are data in, data out, serial clock, chip select, input voltage, and ground. We supply it with 3.3 volts directly from the Arduino. The following connections are made to the digital pins of the Arduino: CS to pin 10, DI to pin 11, DO to pin 12, and CLK to pin 13. </div>
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A standard SD card is used. We used an 8 gb SDHC card formatted FAT32. </div>
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<b><u>Code</u></b></div>
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The code used to communicate with the SD card is straight forward using Arduino. Arduino includes libraries with functions to communicate with SD cards. As with all code, we have checks along the way to ensure data is being record. We begin by checking that the SD card can be accessed by the Arduino. If it cannot be accessed, the program ends and an error message is output to the serial monitor. If it can be accessed, a CSV file is created if one does not exist on the card or, if one does exists, a blank line is created below the most recent data. We then add labels to the file so we know what column of data goes with each sensor. An example of this section of code is shown below.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgghsIJinzzVLQ7qTFsVglCQ-HQZUSIxINtfxANoJy3pcgzA30wOwdEVAeWdsIuqo75IfYpwVmjkw0W7wcxwR8X496IrtwOnXr_WkAyaCbESg0eK7t7gqmZXF4PVxvHh2KjFJ6kacBj_Uc/s1600/SDCARDINITIALIZE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgghsIJinzzVLQ7qTFsVglCQ-HQZUSIxINtfxANoJy3pcgzA30wOwdEVAeWdsIuqo75IfYpwVmjkw0W7wcxwR8X496IrtwOnXr_WkAyaCbESg0eK7t7gqmZXF4PVxvHh2KjFJ6kacBj_Uc/s1600/SDCARDINITIALIZE.jpg" /></a></div>
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The next section of code reads all of the data from the sensors and then writes them on a new line of the CSV file on the SD card. The method used to do this is longer than we would have liked to use because the sprintf function in Arduino does not work properly according to several online sources. This would have allowed us to create a single string of the values and write it to the SD card. However, the method we used works just as well, just with a few extra lines of code. The code that logs the data is shown below.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0YXgQ-3N_HU31dgcNZQ4Z1LZL3hNpUeKxQd6CjF8MgN3kUKMMK_taG_xOBKDZVvtTs4MspnU576W9AXDQvTeTEDlAA9FXOQiIiSgqK0OY3xhrqKdboIWwyGHZCz2bN8gBVkeahK_NiMA/s1600/SDLOGGING.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0YXgQ-3N_HU31dgcNZQ4Z1LZL3hNpUeKxQd6CjF8MgN3kUKMMK_taG_xOBKDZVvtTs4MspnU576W9AXDQvTeTEDlAA9FXOQiIiSgqK0OY3xhrqKdboIWwyGHZCz2bN8gBVkeahK_NiMA/s1600/SDLOGGING.jpg" /></a></div>
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We should note that the final line shown was change from dataLog.flush(); the flush command only allowed 8 lines of data to log. After changing to the close function, there were no problems. The close function also calls the flush function so the same method is still used.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><u>Testing and Results</u></b></div>
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<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
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To test this, we ran the code overnight connected to a computer. Data was logged at a rate of 10 times per second. After 8 hours, all of the data had logged making a CSV fiile just under 14 mb in size. </div>
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The next test was done after soldering the sensors and Arduino to a single perf board. The circuit was put into a cooler of dry ice to simulate the low temperatures experienced during the flight. The Arduino was powered by two AA battery packs wired in series to give 12 volts to the Arduino. Data was logged for a total of 24 hours for this test making a file around 40 mb in size. 12 hours total were spent inside the cooler and 12 hours outside of it. The Arduino was able to provide fairly consistent voltage to all of the sensors for the duration of the test. The biggest problem we had was the data write speed decreasing over time. Data is set to be written ever 100 milliseconds. By the end, the maximum time between writes was 135 milliseconds. However, the time does not increase much until after 4 hours. Since our balloon flight will be between 2 and 3 hours, this should not be a problem. </div>
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A section of sample data is shown below to get the idea of what the file will look like when opened. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzKgYqZspfLAWmb1BAbt16VVy6kEbul5Dr3BTQIYFevvB3yI56F9LujwxMQaAli4KjSYEglkwfMAiodLOdBIn6IVDHu559dX6lkPqY7jWCCiGiS7PTNCWySqqmvWtorXL0xBqNC85n_FI/s1600/SAMPLEDATA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzKgYqZspfLAWmb1BAbt16VVy6kEbul5Dr3BTQIYFevvB3yI56F9LujwxMQaAli4KjSYEglkwfMAiodLOdBIn6IVDHu559dX6lkPqY7jWCCiGiS7PTNCWySqqmvWtorXL0xBqNC85n_FI/s1600/SAMPLEDATA.jpg" /></a></div>
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The acceleration sensor is the most sensitive to changes in input voltage. As shown here, it needs to be calibrated because it was sitting still during the test and it was the first test using the battery packs. The acceleration readings remained consistent after 24 hours so after the offset is implemented in the code, the readings will be accurate. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><u>Recommendations</u></b></div>
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<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
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The final step will be to mount this board inside the payload and put insulation around it. Once mounted, it will not move at all inside the payload, so we do not need to worry about connections being broken. We will also use fresh, new batteries for the flight. </div>
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<br /></div>Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-457757589277923203.post-12755845497722996462012-04-04T20:05:00.000-07:002012-04-04T20:05:42.791-07:00Arduino Working With All Sensors<b>Lead Author: Steven Schultz</b><br />
<b><br /></b><br />
<b><u>Goals</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b><br />
The goal of this test is to make sure the Arduino works with all sensors running simultaneously. This is important because all the sensors need to be running and taking data at all times during the flight. We also need to make sure the code can use temperature readings from our TMP36 to calculate humidity and pressure. <br />
<br />
<b><u>Testing</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b><br />
To test this, we connected all the sensors to the Arduino Nano on a breadboard as shown in the picture below.<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgysiPmlzw_ADS2CZWvvNIx8PC8E4ICtSzkVGkUBjZmR-TX5DkQF99Y0gLwDnd0fLVyUHiFubnxyzT7JkKRiiUPOsvdlhUktMGrcOrCtTd37nDTH9f0OpfF6gdlZ3wRlcGEJjVpWWEVgP8/s1600/2012-03-23+19.34.22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgysiPmlzw_ADS2CZWvvNIx8PC8E4ICtSzkVGkUBjZmR-TX5DkQF99Y0gLwDnd0fLVyUHiFubnxyzT7JkKRiiUPOsvdlhUktMGrcOrCtTd37nDTH9f0OpfF6gdlZ3wRlcGEJjVpWWEVgP8/s320/2012-03-23+19.34.22.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Each sensor is connected to different analog pins of the Arduino. All of the analog pins are being used. The sensors being used are: 2 temperature sensors, an accelerometer, a humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor. We powered the Arduino by connecting it to a computer with a USB cable. This also allowed us to view the data through the serial monitor of Arduino. The code did not change much from the individual testing. Each sensor has its own function which reads the voltage from the analog pin it is connected to, calculates its specific value based on the sensor, and returns the value to the main program. These values are all recorded on the same line of the serial monitor. <br />
<br />
<b><u>Results</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b><br />
For the initial test, data was output to the serial monitor once per second. This worked fine with no change to the code. Then, we collected data overnight at a rate of 10 times per second. After running for about 8 hours, the code was stopped. Data was consistent and changed when expected. <br />
<br />
<b><u>Recommendations</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b><br />
The next step is to get all the sensors to record data to a data logging device. We have chosen a SD data logging method. Once we can write all the data to the SD card, we will mount all of the sensors and Arduino to a perf board and test again. The final step will be to power the Arduino from batteries and calibrate the code to account for the change in input voltage.Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-457757589277923203.post-8533644315236963982012-04-04T19:30:00.000-07:002012-04-04T19:32:27.333-07:00TMP36 Temperature Sensor<br />
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<b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">Lead Author: Steven Schultz<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">Goals</span></u></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">The goal of this test was to make
sure the Arduino works well with the TMP36 temperature sensor. To do this, the sensor needs to be connected
properly to the Arduino and the code needs to convert the output voltage to the
correct temperature in Celsius. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><u><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">Testing</span></u></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">First, we connected the TMP36
sensor to the Arduino. This is a very
simple sensor to use because it needs 2.7 – 5.5 VDC, a ground, and the Arduino
to read the output voltage. We are
providing it with 5 V from the Arduino. It
is also has a simple conversion of 10 millivolts per degree Celsius. Below is a picture of the TMP36 temperature
sensor from sparkfun.com.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img height="320" src="http://dlnmh9ip6v2uc.cloudfront.net/images/products/10988-01.jpg" width="320" />
</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">The Arduino
code used for this sensor is shown below.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpBnGjGpQWefYbP0_x-x976ISb9zVP0FVWue1n0rbzY1QQAJdRm9D79NgA67G__Yx_4KhRBqREaFRhC8E1pAZALE_FwoEtRUFPn8RYqsxZMc_LbUhyuScYNnTPuESlnKasReuov2TpOQ0/s1600/TMP36CODE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpBnGjGpQWefYbP0_x-x976ISb9zVP0FVWue1n0rbzY1QQAJdRm9D79NgA67G__Yx_4KhRBqREaFRhC8E1pAZALE_FwoEtRUFPn8RYqsxZMc_LbUhyuScYNnTPuESlnKasReuov2TpOQ0/s1600/TMP36CODE.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">We are using
two of these sensors in our payload. One
of them is located on the perf board with the rest of the circuit. This will be put in the insulated side of the
payload. The other sensor will be wired
to the same Arduino, but located in the cold side. This is so we can get a more accurate
temperature reading of the air outside of the payload. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="line-height: 115%;">Results</span></u></b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">When testing
this, data was taken at a rate of 10 times per second. As you can see from the test below, all data
fits within the error of +/- one degree under normal conditions. During extreme conditions (-40 degrees
Celsius,) the error rate increases to +/- 2 degrees. </span><br />
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Sm3gBRA8USkGJbe85t-eBWzYDeToMNH3B3pkL9TjGPj25cUOqs8oOd56P20fJaBOOMHRwLUOqN1Rhu7KN-ZOoqnJD_99I-a3PEnPxIQslHA6Pt-ebm8mUpPsxGGXkthIDtd-98ynfiE/s1600/TMP36DATA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Sm3gBRA8USkGJbe85t-eBWzYDeToMNH3B3pkL9TjGPj25cUOqs8oOd56P20fJaBOOMHRwLUOqN1Rhu7KN-ZOoqnJD_99I-a3PEnPxIQslHA6Pt-ebm8mUpPsxGGXkthIDtd-98ynfiE/s1600/TMP36DATA.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">The
temperature sensor picks up on changes in temperature quickly. When put into a cooler of dry ice, the
readings drop within seconds. The temperature
data will also be used to calculate humidity and pressure. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><u><span style="line-height: 115%;">Recommendations</span></u></b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;">Now that the
TMP36 is working, we need to use the temperature reading to calculate the
humidity and pressure separately. The
data also needs to be logged to the SD card.
We will need a fit line because the data will jump around from time to
time. However, all data fits within the
specified error of the sensor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
<br />
<br />Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-457757589277923203.post-19555693258740467732012-04-04T15:55:00.002-07:002012-04-04T15:55:34.950-07:00Microtrak Testing<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 19px;"><b>Lead Author: Nathaniel Franklin</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 19px;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Goals<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> The goals for this test were to make
sure our Microtrak 300 was operating properly.
This included proper wiring of the GPS transmitter, programming,
connection to a GPS receiver and finally, taking the GPS unit outdoors for
proper testing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Wiring and Programming<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> To begin, below is an image of the
Microtrak 300. It is a simple GPS
transmitter, that when attached to a GPS receiver, will transmit its
coordinates in latitude and longitude.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibGFmVgnGjtzcN7T0DABsHl7MIOMBRgtmkBxmtOrwOJYBE8HK9qSyxsS3k4P1wzVekBlZVsAhdZ8LBQKhbkpAUfVBf38ppk6Rk2VBdvpQiv22nKM53FgapRfQyT8dAOg_2uMsQT9Xp9L8/s1600/mt-300.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="92" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibGFmVgnGjtzcN7T0DABsHl7MIOMBRgtmkBxmtOrwOJYBE8HK9qSyxsS3k4P1wzVekBlZVsAhdZ8LBQKhbkpAUfVBf38ppk6Rk2VBdvpQiv22nKM53FgapRfQyT8dAOg_2uMsQT9Xp9L8/s320/mt-300.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Figure 1- Micro Trak 300<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> The screw on the left hand side is
where the antenna attaches for tracking.
The green relay on the right hand side is where a 9-volt battery is
connected to supply the microtrak can and receiver with power. The 5 wiring
plates for connecting it to a computer for programming can be seen on the right
hand side. These plates allow wiring to
be easily soldered to the board. Going
from top to bottom, the plates are numbered 5-1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pin Number<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Function<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">DB-9 Pin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.85pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">No connection<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.85pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Serial Data IN (From GPS Trans. or
computer for programming) (White)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.35pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.85pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Serial Data OUT (Green)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.35pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">+5 Regulated output (For GPS power)
(red)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.35pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.85pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Ground (black)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.35pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The plates were
soldered with different colored wires just to allow us easily tell which wire
represented each output. After soldering
these wires to the plate, the other ends were attached to a DB-9 solder cup
female cup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh9FBZpCeZF05Vt4QvsawSAXeIz6XcTdAvD89ziZi2wDtG-BTzuEOAeXeMEcIuQ6wbhbqQxf5S4odRBWNqx7OCsuLaDa0Dwlh8jZiaJj7BuY17uzJM-lUo8GNbuNsfpicNvC3BMpf6714/s1600/Pins.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh9FBZpCeZF05Vt4QvsawSAXeIz6XcTdAvD89ziZi2wDtG-BTzuEOAeXeMEcIuQ6wbhbqQxf5S4odRBWNqx7OCsuLaDa0Dwlh8jZiaJj7BuY17uzJM-lUo8GNbuNsfpicNvC3BMpf6714/s320/Pins.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Figure 2-DB-9 Connector<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Looking at the
DB-9 connector, each solder cup is labeled with a number. The number that each wire coming from a plate
is the same number as the plate (i.e plate 2 is soldering to solder cup 2 on
the DB-9 connector). To program the
microtrak through a computer, a null modem had to be placed between this DB-9
connector and the computer. This
involved taking two male DB-9 connectors and soldering them together with the
green and white wires (pins 2 and 3) reversed as they go from one male
connector to the next. This was then
plugged into a computer for programming.
The program used for programming is from the developers of the microtrak
300 (Bionics) and is very easy to use.
Below you can see what the program looks like.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Figure 3- Microtrak 300
programming<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">While it looks a
bit complicated, only a few options need to be changed and programmed into the
microtrak for the flight. With power
supplied to the micro trak, we opened up the program and entered the callsign
for our balloon (the highlighted portion you see in Figure 3). We also had to make sure the Auto Transmit
Rate was set to 120 seconds, so the microtrak transmits every 2 minutes. Finally, the COM port had to be properly
selected so that we could communicated with the microtrak. Once the proper COM was selected, we clicked
the “Send 1200Hz” button to send a test tone.
It was successful as the LED bulb on the microtrack lit up and blinked
until we stopped sending the tone. We
then simply clicked “Write Configuration” to send the proper programming
(Callsign and transmit frequency) to the microtrak. Finally, we disconnected the microtrak from
the computer and the null modem and attached it to our GPS receiver, which is
shown below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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<i>Figure 4- Garmin 18x GPS Receiver</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">With it
connected to the GPS receiver and power supplied, we took it outside to make
sure it was transmitting and tracking properly<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Transmission Testing<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> To begin transmission testing, we took
the microtrak attached to the receiver outdoors. When the microtrak gained GPS lock, its LED
when from blinking to solid green. From
here, we turned on our radio for our ground station and picked up the following
GPS location for our transmitter. Below
is an image of the radio screen containing the coordinates as well as an image
from google maps to show it was located outside Strong Hall at Eastern Michigan
University. The location transmitted by
the GPS transmitter is the location of the green arrow.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: large;"><b>1.</b></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">After getting
the first location, I had another group member walk across campus to show that
the microtrak would track my group member as he walked to Pray Harold (another
building on campus). Below are the
sequential photos and google maps images to show that the microtrak was able to
properly transmit his location as he traveled around campus from Strong Hall to
Pray Harold.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">2.</span></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOS29f0HJvx5xvoZLrsXaK0Nqj0BAH_1aTjGN5KDo_4BdNxPdkL74ZSeoabnf1i-sZM44ufjIX_dP607dD1KmjZ4tGnp3aNUKZrDU8EQaJHbkhXttELtokizisea-Z8sZtQm0EGR-1W_s/s1600/Radio+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOS29f0HJvx5xvoZLrsXaK0Nqj0BAH_1aTjGN5KDo_4BdNxPdkL74ZSeoabnf1i-sZM44ufjIX_dP607dD1KmjZ4tGnp3aNUKZrDU8EQaJHbkhXttELtokizisea-Z8sZtQm0EGR-1W_s/s400/Radio+2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">3.</span></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3knljD-YuHd9L8YheL9rDRwGtXnWp1Y-Qg2ezbj-ghGJix1k1s8izyb5H0NKTJdnmli8kzx8EJW952jGpTmT9MJQS8UraVbi6IjfeWZE6LAZuGFIus2jxmlNVsIXTWLQsOTZMievfY3A/s1600/Radio+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3knljD-YuHd9L8YheL9rDRwGtXnWp1Y-Qg2ezbj-ghGJix1k1s8izyb5H0NKTJdnmli8kzx8EJW952jGpTmT9MJQS8UraVbi6IjfeWZE6LAZuGFIus2jxmlNVsIXTWLQsOTZMievfY3A/s400/Radio+3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8BeWGcHhijO-Ab5fn3nAdPxBe1L1Fpfceyb6d8krYfpmuCa-5QQ_y0kLbYxmhyphenhyphengpOA2HCkABfVkef5ghS61CgWTSn0bYTxm-4Vd5jMvOfuedprRE2tTHLkOdmn2CkwgJ2NoxP9-1DC9I/s1600/Screen+shot+2012-04-04+at+6.24.02+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8BeWGcHhijO-Ab5fn3nAdPxBe1L1Fpfceyb6d8krYfpmuCa-5QQ_y0kLbYxmhyphenhyphengpOA2HCkABfVkef5ghS61CgWTSn0bYTxm-4Vd5jMvOfuedprRE2tTHLkOdmn2CkwgJ2NoxP9-1DC9I/s640/Screen+shot+2012-04-04+at+6.24.02+PM.png" width="638" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>4.</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLcxx6ZW3nBtUW8tEmVIghUoFCEiCAwCmWz2E7GEHJx2yj_OKu1JxThyQ9RkeKLqtkQvKDgPYWCdfTA5cszHeCcjWgMcgJrjzWM8vevJ0it-5uFR4Fa29UDPM5SVu4r-n_T0QBzcXVRj4/s1600/Radio+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLcxx6ZW3nBtUW8tEmVIghUoFCEiCAwCmWz2E7GEHJx2yj_OKu1JxThyQ9RkeKLqtkQvKDgPYWCdfTA5cszHeCcjWgMcgJrjzWM8vevJ0it-5uFR4Fa29UDPM5SVu4r-n_T0QBzcXVRj4/s400/Radio+4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFtQuVyvzae9_WqSv5bBqaucgPJQPhFzlu1pl-6Og88cs9TchROzAadaIJTEK6zB2CvPFIFBWpKQWJt0Z_6h6pY5U2H6drv235cV4iUSaUMbNBVQBxYTRwMKtwsu98w02X2DH14scMtA/s1600/Screen+shot+2012-04-04+at+6.29.02+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="636" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFtQuVyvzae9_WqSv5bBqaucgPJQPhFzlu1pl-6Og88cs9TchROzAadaIJTEK6zB2CvPFIFBWpKQWJt0Z_6h6pY5U2H6drv235cV4iUSaUMbNBVQBxYTRwMKtwsu98w02X2DH14scMtA/s640/Screen+shot+2012-04-04+at+6.29.02+PM.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Recommendations<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> With the GPS operational, we have to
make the final adjustments to the payload and sensors. The GPS needs to be mounted inside the
payload as well as the other sensors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-457757589277923203.post-3580733899368794742012-03-21T08:35:00.002-07:002012-03-21T08:36:01.752-07:00Humidity Sensor TestChief Author: Nathaniel Franklin<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Arduino
Individual Sensor Tests (Humidity)<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Goals for Humidity Sensor Test<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
goal of the test with the HIH-4030 humidity sensor is to ensure that arduino
works with the humidity sensor individually.
This will involve connecting the sensor to the arduino correctly,
writing the proper sketch for the arduino and collecting and examining the
output data to ensure it is correct.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Testing Procedure<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To
begin the test, we first examined the Humidity sensor, which can be seen below,
courtesy of </span><a href="http://www.sparkfun.com/"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">www.sparkfun.com</span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXtR9gtvvyoc7uWb2kwecHsrtP94rwBdeqOxWltp5TPjb123ibStMjvJtYQNMVfYdPBfuhdvRm51vDUH8DxmmkYVY3wXVh_EWBXxINvQYSJnMj3UDxa6-faXd1p9IU71WZp_btBfda9Is/s1600/Humidity+sensor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXtR9gtvvyoc7uWb2kwecHsrtP94rwBdeqOxWltp5TPjb123ibStMjvJtYQNMVfYdPBfuhdvRm51vDUH8DxmmkYVY3wXVh_EWBXxINvQYSJnMj3UDxa6-faXd1p9IU71WZp_btBfda9Is/s1600/Humidity+sensor.jpg" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Figure
1-Photo of Humidity Sensor<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As one
can see from the photo, the sensor has three openings for connections. These include the 5V, OUT and GND
openings. The 5V opening accepts 5V from
a power source. The OUT opening outputs
a voltage that corresponds to the sensor readings. Finally, the GND opening completes the
circuit by traveling to ground. We
connected the sensor to the arduino using wires and a breadboard. Below is a schematic of how the sensor is
connected to an arduino. Note that the
humidity sensor does not require a connection to a certain analog pin for
output and can be connected to any of them successfully. Also, the arduino shown in the image is not
the arduino nano, but the connections are exactly the same for our model of
arduino.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlCkbscHvL92z1BXMHBnZVgpyj91Sx66YWvDnQFebtDqGh02US4aKbJnafgkQz6oXeVRzgONP7GGpg7hdTZkpIBIUuWRoc92B3QgTjshe4h2Dy8_JA130HvgODGl5VQd5UT5tfZORBsXc/s1600/Humidity+Arduino.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlCkbscHvL92z1BXMHBnZVgpyj91Sx66YWvDnQFebtDqGh02US4aKbJnafgkQz6oXeVRzgONP7GGpg7hdTZkpIBIUuWRoc92B3QgTjshe4h2Dy8_JA130HvgODGl5VQd5UT5tfZORBsXc/s1600/Humidity+Arduino.jpg" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Figure
2-Simple Arduino/Sensor Circuit<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">For our
sketch supplied to the arduino, we used analog pin 4, but as stated previous,
and of the analog pins will work properly with the sensor, given the proper
code. The sketch written for the arduino
and humidity sensor is shown below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">float val
= 0;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">float RH =
0;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">float
my_room_temperature = 20; //in degrees C !<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">float
max_voltage = 5;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">void
setup()<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Serial.begin(9600);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">void
loop()<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> val = analogRead(4);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> delay(500);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Serial.println(val);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> // <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> my_room_temperature = 23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> ; // If you have temperature reading, put it
here (centigrade!)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 6.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">max_voltage
= (5-(0.006706*my_room_temperature)) ; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 6.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">//
The max voltage value drops down
0.006705882 for each degree C over 0C. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 6.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
voltage at 0C is 3.27 (corrected for zero percent voltage)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> RH = (val/1023)*100;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Serial.println(RH);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> delay(500); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Gothic'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Testing Results<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Upon
running the sketch and observing the serial monitor, we observed the following
data. The first number listed is the
output voltage which corresponds to a certain percentage of relative
humidity. Each pair of numbers is
reported every half second.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 340.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 33.24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 339.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 33.14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 341.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 33.33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 340.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 33.24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 334.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 32.65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 336.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 32.84<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 336.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 32.84<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 332.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 32.45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 335.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 32.75<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 336.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 32.84<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
output seen above was for the first 5 seconds the humidity sensor was
operational. As one can see, the sensor
output is consistent and giving a stable output. Next we breathed on the sensor. This should increase the humidity reading, as
the air coming from inside a body should contain more water vapor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 391.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 38.22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 410.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 40.08<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 410.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 40.08<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 412.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 40.27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 391.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 38.22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 380.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 37.15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 373.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 36.46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 367.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 35.87<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 357.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 34.90<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 356.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 34.80<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 349.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 34.12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 345.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 33.72<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 339.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 33.14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 339.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 33.14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 335.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 32.75<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Value- 336.00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Relative Humidity- 32.84<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As one
can see, the relative humidity increased after we breathed on the sensor. After a period of time, as shown, the
humidity sensor dropped back down to range of values that it had previous had
before it was exhaled on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Recommendations on Test Results<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">With
the individual testing complete, the sensors need to be tested simultaneous to
work with the arduino controller.
Getting the data logger operational is the following step, which will
allow us to record all the data that comes from each of the sensors. The sensor may also need some calibrations in its calculations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>Physics Capstone (2012)http://www.blogger.com/profile/03584038967936888542noreply@blogger.com0